International

1. Munich Security Conference 2025

Description: Global leaders gathered in Munich, Germany, to discuss international security, the Russia–Ukraine conflict, AI governance, and geopolitical stability.

Important Keys:

  • Event: Munich Security Conference (MSC)
  • Venue: Munich
  • Country: Germany
  • Focus Areas: Global Security, Ukraine, AI, NATO
  • Type: Annual International Security Forum
  • Frequently Asked: Host Country & Purpose

2. BRICS Expansion Discussions

Description: BRICS nations continued discussions on expanding economic cooperation, trade in local currencies, and increasing Global South representation.

Important Keys:

  • Full Form: Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa
  • Headquarters: No Permanent HQ
  • New Focus: De-dollarization & Trade Cooperation
  • Importance: Emerging Economies Group
  • India's Role: Founding Member

3. Ukraine–Russia Conflict Developments

Description: Fighting continued in several regions, with diplomatic efforts focusing on ceasefire talks and military assistance.

Important Keys:

  • Countries Involved: Ukraine & Russia
  • Major Organization Involved: NATO
  • NATO Headquarters: Brussels, Belgium
  • Capital of Ukraine: Kyiv
  • Capital of Russia: Moscow

4. World Government Summit 2025

Description: The summit brought together world leaders, policymakers, and experts to discuss governance, AI, and economic transformation.

Important Keys:

  • Venue: Dubai
  • Country: United Arab Emirates
  • Theme Areas: AI, Governance, Future Economy
  • Significance: Global Policy Forum
  • Capital of UAE: Abu Dhabi

5. African Union Economic Initiatives

Description: African nations strengthened regional trade and economic integration efforts under the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA).

Important Keys:

  • Organization: African Union
  • Headquarters: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  • Members: 55 Countries
  • Largest Free Trade Area: AfCFTA
  • Capital of Ethiopia: Addis Ababa

6. AI Governance and Global Regulations

Description: Countries intensified discussions on Artificial Intelligence regulations, ethical AI use, and digital security.

Important Keys:

  • Key Topic: Artificial Intelligence
  • Focus: Responsible AI
  • Related Organizations:
    • OECD
    • United Nations
    • European Union
  • Exam Focus: AI Governance & Digital Policy

7. European Union Climate Action Measures

Description: The European Union announced additional measures to achieve climate neutrality and reduce carbon emissions.

Important Keys:

  • Organization: European Union
  • Headquarters: Brussels, Belgium
  • Members: 27 Countries
  • Goal: Carbon Neutrality by 2050
  • Currency: Euro (most members)

8. Global Renewable Energy Investments

Description: Several countries increased investments in solar, wind, and green hydrogen projects to accelerate energy transition.

Important Keys:

  • Focus Sectors:
    • Solar Energy
    • Wind Energy
    • Green Hydrogen
  • Related Organization: International Renewable Energy Agency
  • Headquarters: Abu Dhabi, UAE
  • Theme: Sustainable Development

9. International Day of Women and Girls in Science

Description: Countries observed the day to encourage greater participation of women in STEM fields.

Important Keys:

  • Date: 11 February
  • Declared By: United Nations
  • Objective: Gender Equality in Science
  • Focus Areas: STEM Education & Research

10. World Radio Day 2025

Description: Celebrated globally to highlight radio's role in communication, information sharing, and public awareness.

Important Keys:

  • Date: 13 February
  • Organized By: UNESCO
  • UNESCO Headquarters: Paris, France
  • Theme: Communication & Media

11. World Social Justice Day

Description: Observed worldwide to promote equality, social inclusion, and human rights.

Important Keys:

  • Date: 20 February
  • Declared By: United Nations
  • Focus: Social Justice & Human Rights
  • Frequently Asked: Date & Objective

12. G20 Foreign Ministers' Consultations

Description: G20 members held discussions on economic cooperation, global stability, and development priorities.

Important Keys:

  • Members: 19 Countries + EU + AU
  • Focus Areas:
    • Global Economy
    • Trade
    • Climate Change
  • Permanent Secretariat: None
  • India Hosted G20 Summit: 2023

National Current Affairs

1. Union Budget 2025–26

Description: The Union Budget 2025-26 was presented in Parliament focusing on economic growth, employment generation, infrastructure development, and fiscal stability.

Important Keys:

  • Presented By: Nirmala Sitharaman
  • Ministry: Ministry of Finance
  • Budget Type: Union Budget 2025-26
  • Budget Presented In: Lok Sabha
  • First Woman Full-Time Finance Minister: Nirmala Sitharaman
  • Important Areas: Infrastructure, MSMEs, Agriculture, Employment
  • Frequently Asked: Finance Minister, Budget Number, Key Schemes

2. India Energy Week 2025

Description: India hosted India Energy Week to discuss energy security, renewable energy, green hydrogen, and sustainable development.

Important Keys:

  • Event: India Energy Week 2025
  • Focus: Energy Transition
  • Important Sectors:
    • Green Hydrogen
    • Solar Energy
    • Oil & Gas
  • Objective: Energy Security
  • Frequently Asked: Theme & Venue

3. World Sustainable Development Summit 2025

Description: India hosted discussions on climate change, sustainability, and environmental protection.

Important Keys:

  • Organizer: The Energy and Resources Institute
  • Headquarters: New Delhi
  • Focus: Climate Change
  • Theme Areas:
    • Renewable Energy
    • Sustainability
    • Green Economy
  • Founder of TERI: Darbari Seth

4. Surajkund International Crafts Mela 2025

Description: One of India's largest handicrafts fairs was organized showcasing traditional arts, crafts, and culture.

Important Keys:

  • Venue: Surajkund, Faridabad
  • State: Haryana
  • Organized By: Haryana Tourism
  • Theme: Handicrafts & Culture
  • Started In: 1987
  • Frequently Asked: Venue & State

5. National Science Day Preparations

Description: Preparations began for National Science Day celebrations promoting scientific awareness and innovation.

Important Keys:

  • National Science Day: 28 February
  • Related Scientist: C. V. Raman
  • Discovery: Raman Effect
  • Nobel Prize: 1930
  • Ministry: Ministry of Science & Technology
  • Frequently Asked: Date & Reason

6. PM Gati Shakti Infrastructure Projects

Description: Infrastructure projects under PM Gati Shakti continued to improve logistics, connectivity, and economic growth.

Important Keys:

  • Launched: 2021
  • Objective: Multi-modal Connectivity
  • Focus:
    • Railways
    • Roads
    • Ports
    • Airports
  • Ministry: Ministry of Commerce & Industry
  • Aim: Reduce Logistics Cost

7. Digital India Expansion Initiatives

Description: Government accelerated digital services, AI adoption, semiconductor manufacturing, and digital governance.

Important Keys:

  • Launched: 2015
  • Ministry: MeitY
  • Full Form: Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology
  • Focus:
    • AI
    • Digital Payments
    • Cyber Security
    • Semiconductor Mission
  • Objective: Digital Economy

8. Khelo India Winter Games 2025

Description: Winter sports competitions were organized to identify talent and promote winter sports in India.

Important Keys:

  • Organizer: Sports Authority of India
  • Ministry: Youth Affairs & Sports
  • Sports Included:
    • Skiing
    • Snowboarding
    • Ice Hockey
  • Objective: Sports Development
  • Initiative: Khelo India Programme

9. National Livestock Mission Updates

Description: The government announced measures to improve livestock productivity and rural income.

Important Keys:

  • Ministry: Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying
  • Focus:
    • Poultry
    • Sheep
    • Goat Farming
  • Objective: Rural Employment
  • Related Sector: Agriculture

10. Semiconductor Mission Progress

Description: India continued efforts to establish a domestic semiconductor manufacturing ecosystem.

Important Keys:

  • Initiative: India Semiconductor Mission
  • Ministry: MeitY
  • Objective: Chip Manufacturing
  • Importance:
    • Electronics Production
    • Strategic Technology
  • Frequently Asked: Ministry & Objective

11. PM-KISAN Scheme Updates

Description: Government reviewed implementation of PM-KISAN to support farmers through direct income assistance.

Important Keys:

  • Full Form: Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi
  • Launch Year: 2019
  • Benefit: ₹6,000 per year
  • Ministry: Ministry of Agriculture
  • Mode: Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT)
  • Beneficiaries: Farmers

12. National Skill Development Initiatives

Description: New skill development and employment-oriented programs were emphasized to improve workforce readiness.

Important Keys:

  • Ministry: Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship
  • Focus:
    • Youth Employment
    • Vocational Training
    • Industry Skills
  • Objective: Skilled Workforce
  • Related Program: Skill India Mission